Introduction

Factors like globalisation, technological advancement, and increased welfare have seemingly made our world increasingly difficult to understand. In business literature this has been encapsulated by the term VUCA (Kraaijenbrink, 2018). The design industry in particular has become increasingly complex as the field has transformed from purely physical creation to a myriad of design fields concerned with every aspect of life (Svabo and Shanks, 2015).

To deal with this complexity, humans started working together. The Hawthorne experiments revealed that merely the observation of factory workers, giving them a shared goal to work towards, had a positive impact on productivity (Landsberger, 1958). Solitary assembly line jobs changed to incorporate a focus on teamwork as companies started considering teamwork a crucial success factor (Hoegl and Gemuenden, 2001). Ever since then, teamwork has become a vital part of many modern-day professions.